FAQs/RESOURCES
Find here frequently asked questions and answers plus other valuable resources.
It refers to the capital that is used in day-to-day trading. It is calculated by subtracting current liabilities from current assets. Working capital helps in calculating the resources that a company can count on to carry out its operations for the short term.
Executive accounting is meant for service-based businesses. It is related to finance, advertising, and public relations industries.
Material facts refer to the documents such as vouchers, bills, debit and credit notes, receipts that serve as the base for every account book. These are the documents that help in preparing the account book.
No. Privatization is the disposal (usually the outright sale) of assets or functions owned by a government that are not considered a core public function of a government. Once the asset or function has been privatized (or sold), the government has no or very limited further formal relationship with the party who bought it.
At the centre of a PPP is a contract signed between a Public Agency (Public Partner) and a private company (Private Partner). The Public Agency is usually the public organization responsible for the infrastructure or services and authorized to sign such a contract. The private partner is usually a company undertaking the project that signs the contract with the Public Agency. Depending on the project specifics, the private company may also bring in separate companies to do the construction, the operation and the maintenance, and in some cases to provide inputs (e.g. water for a water purification facility or coal for a thermal power station). Depending on the project, there may also be formal arrangements with the users of the service (e.g. for electricity an Agency that buys electricity from a power plant). There are often also insurance companies involved providing insurance, as well as financial institutions (e.g. banks). To organize this, the lead company often sets up a Special Purpose Company (SPC), which is a company whose only objective is to undertake the PPP project. The SPC then enters into agreements with all of the other private partners involved. In some cases there may also be a Regulator involved.
Human rights guaranteed by international law include civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. Examples include freedom of expression, freedom of religion, freedom of association, the right to an adequate standard of living, the right to work in favorable conditions, the right to education, and protections against arbitrary arrest and detention. These rights are codified in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other United Nations instruments, known collectively as the International Bill of Human Rights
